Operation and transport in free sheet: irrigation and hydroelectric channels, evacuation channels, drainage channels and tunnels. Design flows. Geometric characteristics. Flow type. Design criteria according to the type of flow: Normal, varied, variable. Design criteria according to the type of terrain. Special elements in a channel. Inverted siphon, lateral weirs, control weirs, lateral gates, on-demand control gates, mixed gates. Gate calculation. Water intakes. Flow meters. Evacuation channels: fast regime, cross waves. Tunnel design. Cavitation assessment. Ventilated flows. Sizing of irrigation channels and sizing of an inverted siphon.

Dedication

1) Type of waterfall. Energy and power dissipated. Jump on foot. Jump in derivation. Jump in derivation with dam dam. Jump with pressure leads. The download channel (fast). Underground power plants. Complementary drives. Pumping plants, reversible groups and reversible plants. 2) Power and energy. Gross jump. Useful jump. Salt net. Power of a jump. Productivity of a jump. Coefficient of efficiency. Power and energy units. Load factor and hours of use. The electricity market. Types of power plants. Function of power plants, fluent, reversible, peak power plants. Combined power plant management, energy optimization. Basic postulates of the design of a turnbina. Type of turbine. Characteristics: Pelton, Francis and Kaplan. Parts of a hydroelectric production equipment. Perform a calculation of power, losses in pipes and other details of the flow in hydroelectric systems

Dedication

The river system. Composition and relationship with the environment. Sediment characteristics. Particle size curve and grain characteristics. Type of transport, bottom, suspension and washing. Beginning of movement, Shields abacus, background shapes. Flow resistance in beds. Karman Prandt's theory. Grain resistance, background shapes and vegetation. Flow Resistance Exercises. Exercises In The beginning of the movement. Assessment of bed erosion: Long-term erosion, erosion by bottom forms. The power of the flow. Examples of bed stability. River morphology, Regime Theory. Bed stability: bottom and slope stability. Natural bed design criteria. Dynamic stability in beds. Transport formulas. The balance of Lane. Exner equation (Morphodynamic equation) Simple exercise in fluvial morphology, explanation of Exner's equation in a practical example. General characteristics of local erosion: Bridge piles, stirrups, sleepers, prominent elements in beds, falls, walls. Maximum erosion and the temporal evolution of erosion. The mechanics of local erosion in piles and bridge stirrups, formulas of maxima, equations of temporal evolution. Almost permanent calculations of the evolution of erosion in piles and stirrups. On elevation in bridges. Characteristics, formulations. The local erosion calculation will be carried out in a bridge pile and in a abutment. Additionally, they will go to the laboratory to see in an experiment the local erosion process. Piping, protection materials, design of a longitudinal protection. Protection for bridge batteries and bridge stirrups. Sedimentation in reservoirs, calculation of production and progress of the delta. Sediment management. Several examples of bed protection design in beds.

Dedication

Characteristics of a reservoir: Levels, flooded area, height, useful volume. Types of dams, acting forces. Concept of underpressure. Stability. Drains. Taking loose materials, design. Drainage and siphoning. Development of a didactic exercise on dam stability

Dedication

Saline wedge in mouths, description of the phenomenon, its impact on sedimentation in rivers, wedge dynamics. Dispersion of pollutants and suspended sediment in channels. Longitudinal, vertical and transversal dispersion. Examples of dredging, mining, and others. Diffusion coefficient assessment. Calculation of the diffusion in dredging processes. Salt wedge dynamics calculations. Demonstration laboratory of the salt wedge.

Dedication

Description of the phenomenon. Triggering phenomena (rain, earthquakes, volcanoes). Initiation (stability of the terrain), Rheology (relationship depth-speed). Propagation (Random Method). Mitigation works. In this session we will visit the river morphodynamics laboratory to carry out a detrital flow experiment, previously we will show examples in videos of experiments with detrital flows.

Dedication

What are fast flows. Trigger mechanisms. Flooding concepts (water and debris), simple assessment mechanisms. Definition of irrigation, danger, vulnerability, exposure. Determination of risk and resilience. Construction of risk maps, design rules for a risk map. Practical application to generate a risk map. Practical flooding exercise with simple 2D models.

Dedication

The visit to Susqueda waterfall is interesting since its water supplies the city of Barcelona. Furthermore, the dam is of great architectural value for the beauty of its design. This trip will only be scheduled if conditions are right.

Dedication

Dedication