Materials Chemistry (2500009) – Course 2025/26 PDF
Contents
Establish and consolidate the fundamental concepts of chemistry acquired in high school. In the event that this knowledge is not available, provide tools so that they can achieve it and allow the correct follow-up of the subject. The following basic knowledge is considered for the correct follow-up of the subject: - Formulation: to know the symbols and the valences of the main chemical elements; know how to formulate the most common inorganic compounds; recognize the different types of inorganic compounds (oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, hydrides, hydracidic acids, oxacic acids and salts). - Stoichiometry: know and differentiate the concepts of element, molecule, compound, ion; understand the concepts of atomic mass, molecular mass, mol, empirical formula and molecular formula; be able to perform simple stoichiometric calculations, limiting reagent calculation and performance of a reaction. - Gases and solutions: characteristics of the gaseous state; real gases and ideal gases; law of ideal gases; calculations and units of concentrations of solutions. Atomic structure Fundamental laws of chemistry Bohr Models Quantum mechanical model: quantum numbers, electronic configuration The Periodic Table Atomic periodic properties Bond energy Bond distance Primary bonds: ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond Intermolecular forces: Van der Waals bond, Hydrogen bond Properties Definition and classification of solids Crystalline solids Crystalline structure Imperfections in solids Amorphous solids Graphical representations of equilibrium: phase diagrams Binary systems: Isomophous systems and eutectic systems. Lever rule Quantification of phases and compositions. Microstructure phases Quantificatioon phase diagrams: Alloys Binary systems: isomorphous systems and eutectic systems Lever rule: Quantification of phases and compositions. Microstructure: Alloys Preparation, analysis and identification of samples by the X-ray diffraction technique
Specific Objectives
Establish and consolidate the fundamental concepts of chemistry acquired in high school. In the event that this knowledge is not available, provide tools so that they can achieve it and allow the correct follow-up of the subject. The following basic knowledge is considered for the correct follow-up of the subject: - Formulation: to know the symbols and the valences of the main chemical elements; know how to formulate the most common inorganic compounds; recognize the different types of inorganic compounds (oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, hydrides, hydracidic acids, oxacic acids and salts). - Stoichiometry: know and differentiate the concepts of element, molecule, compound, ion; understand the concepts of atomic mass, molecular mass, mol, empirical formula and molecular formula; be able to perform simple stoichiometric calculations, limiting reagent calculation and performance of a reaction. - Gases and solutions: characteristics of the gaseous state; real gases and ideal gases; law of ideal gases; calculations and units of concentrations of solutions. Provide basic knowledge of the structure of matter that allows the interpretation of the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of materials from atomic interactions, as well as the establishment of relationships between their microscopic structure and their macroscopic properties. From the bonds define types of solids and their chemical properties From the study of the crystal structure we delve into the imperfections that allow us to define solid solutions and from here we can define and understand alloys such as steel. Knowledge of phase diagrams is vital to understanding and predicting the mechanical properties of an alloy. Phase diagrams allow us to relate composition and temperature to define a particular microstructure of the alloy in question. Problem solving of different binary systems with components of metallic elements in order to determine different types of alloys describing microstructures, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of each alloy in question. Knowledge of an instrumental analysis technique in the characterization of samples: X-ray diffraction. In order to complement and assimilate the contents explained in the classroom and thus enhance the activity of the student outside the classroom for a learning of skills. Student learning is more powerful and meaningful, and the skills learning skills, richer and more diverse, more creative and divergent, that is, much higher compared to the convergent-memoristic style.
Dedication
7h Large group + 7h Medium group + 2h Laboratory classes + 22h 24m Self StudyClassification and properties of metallic elements and metallic materials Types of alloys: steel alloys Defining phases of the Fe-Fe3C diagram Steel alloys: Hypoeutectoid, Eutectoid, Hypereutectoid Microstructure of steel alloys Influence of the other elements in the Fe-C system Quantification of phases and composition of alloys Redox reaction. oxidation - reduction Electrochemical battery/cells Half-reaction potentials: reduction potentials Nernst Equation Oxidation states Oxidation-reduction reactions Nernst equation Electrochemical heterogeneities Mechanisms of corrosion by contact with oxygen: dry and wet corrosion. Corrosion of materials for reinforced concrete: mechanism, protection methods. Chemical protection: passivation Carbonation and chloride corrosion mechanism Service life: Tuutti diagram
Specific Objectives
Introduce to the study of one major construction materials used by the Civil Engineer in his professional exercise, from the study of the metallic materials or steel. Basic knowledge of steels, classification, properties, raw materials. Knowledge of one of the most important or main pathologies that civil engineering suffers today. Knowledge of one of the most important or main pathologies that civil engineering suffers today. Corrosion is one of the main pathologies of reinforced concrete. Knowledge of the attack process and ways of protection to increase the useful life of the material and the structure.
Dedication
4h Large group + 4h Medium group + 11h 12m Self StudyConcepts and definitions: conglomerate, hydraulicity, cement paste, mortar, concrete. Setting and hardening. Building materials in Antiquity: collection of more characteristic examples. The first binders: clay, gypsum and lime. 1-Clay: chemical composition, mineralogy, structure and properties. Applications of clays in construction and generalities in their applications in construction. 2- Plaster: chemical composition and raw material, mineralogy and manufacturing process. Properties, standards and applications. 3- Lime: definitions, raw materials and classification. Lime type setting and hardening. Manufacturing, properties, standards and applications in construction. Portland Cement: - Origin and Raw Materials: Crude (dosing of crude) - Stages of the manufacturing process: Clinkerization and formation of Clinker (baked). - Product monitoring techniques: FRX and DRX - Portland clinker components. Phase structure. Bug. Influence of clinker compounds on their properties (reaction speed and heat, and compressive strength). - Hydration of Portland cement: mechanisms of solubility and precipitation. Damage and hardening. Stages of the hydration process. - Analysis techniques (calorimetry and TGA) of hydration monitoring. - Structure of the hydrated cement paste: pch (microstructure). - Additions: types (puddles, fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcareous filler ...) - Addition cements and nomenclature - Other cements and special cements (nomenclature). RC-16. Aluminum Cement (CAC): - Origin and Raw Materials: Crude (dosing of crude) - Stages of the manufacturing process: Clinkerization and formation of Clinker. - Product monitoring techniques: FRX and DRX - Components of calcium aluminate cement. Phase structure. Influence of anhydrous compounds or phases of clinker on their properties (reaction rate and heat, and compressive strength). - Setting and hardening. - Conversion or transformation of the microstructure of the aluminous cement paste. - Durability of CAC cement - Applications and regulations (UNE). Regulations (UNE and RC-16), tests, limits and nomenclature. Exercises of: - Application of Bogue. - Reasoning, choose the most suitable binder depending on the environment, ambient temperature, type of structure..etc. - Determination of the types of binders based on their chemical composition and their properties and characteristics. - Application of UNE and RC-16 regulations. Session in the laboratory: Session 1: determine the most appropriate consistency of the cement paste with a UNE normative test with the Vicat needle methodology. Session 2: Mortar manufacturing and curing process. Session 3: Analysis, calculation and determination of the strength of cement and its strength class.
Specific Objectives
Introduce to the study of the construction materials used by the Civil Engineer in his professional exercise, from the study of the conglomerating materials. Put in context the different types of binders that characterize our Architectural Heritage. And to contextualize the evolution and advances in the binders over time to the present. To know in depth one of the essential components of one of the most used materials in the current construction of Civil Engineering. Knowledge of one of the cements used at the end of the first half of the 20th century. Advantages and disadvantages of its use in Civil Engineering. Knowledge of the cement used during the sixties and seventies of twentieth-century Spain. Emphasize the need for a regulatory system in the use of different components and building materials in Civil Engineering. Know the rules of tests, rules of limits and rules of nomenclature. Recognize the different types of binders and their applications. Assess the type of binder most suitable for the application, structure and environment. The practical sessions encourage the active participation of students in order to be able to expand and work on the knowledge acquired in the classroom. Student learning is more powerful and meaningful, and the skills for learning skills is richer and more diverse, and more creative and divergent.
Dedication
16h Large group + 3h Medium group + 2h Laboratory classes + 29h 24m Self StudyGeneralities of Chemical Equilibrium (equilibrium state and equilibrium constant) Le Chatelier Principle Chemical Kinetics (reaction rate, kinetic theories, factors influencing reaction rate) Solved and unresolved problems about chemical equilibrium and influencing factors that affect equilibrium according to LeChateliers principle. Solubility of solids Equilibrium of solubility Effect of the common ion on the solubility Conditions for the formation or solubility of precipitates Solving problems to solve or to solve of: - Effects of the common ion in a saline environment - Influence of the pH in a saline solution - Conditions for the formation or solubilization of precipitates Acid-base theories Ionic product of water pH scale Weak acids: constant equilibrium acid and polyprotic acids Weak bases: constant of basic equilibrium Acid-base properties of saline solutions Calculation problems in the resolution of acid-base reactions. PH prediction in saline Attack processes and their consequences: -Solution / leaching -Cation exchange -Expansion processes (saline, sulphates and ettringite formation, Friedel's salt, alkali-aggregate reaction). Marine environment: definition of the 3 environments, and description of the attack by chlorides in reinforced concrete. Carbonation attack on hydrated cement paste and its consequences on reinforced concrete Resolution and reasoning of the different processes that can affect the structures and their consequences according to the environment of affectation. Measures to prevent or rehabilitate structures
Specific Objectives
Fundamental concept to understand chemical reactions in the durability of materials. Solving exercises with the aim of applying theoretical concepts to real problems. Theoretical knowledge to understand the action of saline, marine, pure water ... in certain building materials such as cement paste in concrete. Application of the theoretical concepts of solubility and / or precipitates in saline environments, acid rain, pure water ... in construction materials, mainly in hydrated cement paste. Theoretical concepts of acid-base reactions needed to apply it to solving real problems affecting the durability of materials. Be able to discern the process of attack of a saline solution and its pH and degree of aggressiveness in the process in order to assess the durability of the structure. Knowledge of the main attacks or processes caused mainly by the environment to building materials (metals: steels, concrete and reinforced concrete) and their consequences on the useful life or service life of the structure. Real problems in the structures that currently affect Civil Engineering.
Dedication
7h Large group + 6h Medium group + 18h 12m Self StudyUsing the learning methodology of "Flipped Classrom" introduce the SDGs in materials chemistry the basics of: - Responsible production. - Modalities of sustainable consumption and production. - Climate action. - Take measures to combat climate change and its effects. - Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and encourage innovation. - Gender equality. Using the "Flipped Classrom" methodology, carry out the autonomous and cooperative competence work outside the classroom (bibliographic research, scientific readings, video viewing and questionnaires (google forms and kahoots))
Specific Objectives
- Responsible production. - Modalities of sustainable consumption and production. - Climate action. - Take measures to combat climate change and its effects. - Introduction to promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization and encouraging innovation. - Gender equality.
Dedication
2h Medium group + 2h 48m Self Study